Omar Khayyam is most know for his Jalali calendar. Jalali is a solar calendar with quite accurate 33-year intercalation cycle. This calendar is now the basis for several other calendars.
Khayyam is also famous as a mathematician because of his study on classification and solution of cubic equations. He is the one who gave the world the solutions to these geometric problems by the intersection of conics.
In simpler terms, he was the one who gave us a general idea of the ways a cubic equation could be solved.
He was the one who discovered about Pascal's triangle and triangular array of binomial coefficients
In 1077, he published a book on non-euclidean geometry 'Sharh ma ashkala min musadarat kitab Uqlidis' meaning 'Explanations of the Difficulties in the Postulates of Euclid'. This was later translated in English 'On the Difficulties of Euclid's Definitions'.
He also wrote 'Problems of Arithmetic', a book on music and algebra.
He was also as great a poet as he was a mathematician. His verse, "The Moving Finger writes, and, having writ, Moves on: nor all thy Piety nor Wit Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line, Nor all thy Tears wash out a Word of it," is very famous.
May 18, 2019, marks his 971st birthday. The astronomer died on December 4, 1131, he was buried in the Khayyam Garden.
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